select publications
Below are select publications from the lab, with links to PDFs. If you are looking for the PDF of an article not listed here, feel free to contact us!
Ahlstrand, N.I., Elvery, H.M. and Primack, R.B. 2023. Grass flowering times determined using herbarium specimens for modeling grass pollen under a warming climate. Science of The Total Environment, 885, p.163824. PDF
Miller TK, J Mason Heberling, SE Kuebbing, RB Primack. 2023. Warmer temperatures are linked to widespread phenological mismatch among native and non‐native forest plants. Journal of Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14021 PDF
William D. Pearse, Benjamin R. Lee, Michael Stemkovski, , Richard B. Primack , SD Lee. 2023. Consistent, linear phenological shifts across a century of observations in South Korea. New Phytologist, in press. PDF
Primack RB, TK Miller, AJ Miller‐Rushing - 2023. Generating ecological insights from historical data. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 21:216-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2641 PDF
Primack RB, TK Miller, C Terry, E Marin-Spiotta, PH Templer, AA Berhe, EJ Diaz Vallejo, MG Hastings, VJ Magley, A Mattheis, BB Schneider, RT Barnes. 2023. Historically excluded groups in ecology are undervalued and poorly treated. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment doi:10.1002/fee.2613 PDF
Primack RB, AS Gallinat, ER Ellwood, TM Crimmins, MD Schwartz, MD Staudinger, AJ Miller-Rushing. Ten best practices for effective phenological research. International Journal of Biometeorology, in review.
Primack RB, AS Gallinat, ER Ellwood, AJ Miller-Rushing. Using herbarium specimens, botanical gardens, historical data, and citizen science to study climate change. Bauhinia, in press.
Sher, A, RB Primack. Extinction, Causes of. In Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 3rd edition. Elsevier. PDF
Stemkovski M, JR Bell, ER Ellwood, BD Inouye, H Kobori, SD Lee, T Lloyd-Evans, RB Primack, B Templ, WD Pears. 2023. Disorder or a new order: How climate change affects phenological variability. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3846
Ellwood ER, AS Gallinat, C McDonough MacKenzie, T Miller, C Polgar, AJ Miller-Rushing, RB Primack. 2022. Plant and bird phenology and plant occurrence from 1851 to 2020 (non-Continuous) in Thoreau’s Concord, Massachusetts. Ecology 103: e3646. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3646 PDF
Gaiser EE, JS Kominoski, DM McKnight, CA Bahlai, C Cheng, S Record, WM Wollheim, KR Christianson, MR Downs, PA Hawman, SJ Holbrook, A Kumar, DR Mishra, NP Molotch, RB Primack, A Rassweiler, RJ Schmitt, LA Sutter. 2022. Long-term ecological research and the COVID-19 anthropause: A window to understanding social-ecological disturbance. Ecosphere 13, no. 4 (2022): e4019. PDF
Iwanycki Ahlstrand N, RB Primack, AP Tøttrup, 2022. A comparison of herbarium and citizen science phenology datasets for detecting response of flowering time to climate change in Denmark. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(5), pp.849-862. PDF
Lee BR, TK Miller, C Rosche, Y Yang, JM Heberling, SE Kuebbing, RB Primack. 2022. Wildflower phenological escape differs by continent and spring temperature. Nature Communications, 13(1), 7157. PDF
Liu Y, C McDonough MacKenzie, RB Primack, MJ Hill, X Zhang, Z Wang, 2022. Using remote sensing to monitor the spring phenology of Acadia National Park across elevational gradients. Ecosphere 12 (12), e03888. PDF
AJ Miller-Rushing, ER Ellwood, TM Crimmins, AS Gallinat, M Phillips, RL Sandler, RB Primack. 2022. Conservation ethics in the time of the pandemic: Does increasing remote access advance social justice? Biological Conservation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109788 PDF
RB Primack, AJ Miller-Rushing, TK Miller. 2022. Was Henry David Thoreau a good naturalist? An approach for assessing data from historical natural history records. BioScience 72 (10), 1018-1027. PDF
Sporbert M, D Jakubka, SF Bucher, I Hensen, M Freiberg, K Heubach, …RB Primack et al. 2022. Functional traits influence patterns in vegetative and reproductive plant phenology–a multi‐botanical garden study. New Phytologist, 235(6), pp.2199-2210. PDF
Yang Y, JM Heberling, RB Primack, BR Lee. 2022. Herbarium specimens may provide biased flowering phenology estimates for dioecious species. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 183(9). PDF
Bates AE, RB Primack, BS Biggar, TJ Bird, ME Clinton, RJ Command, ... 2021. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment. Biological Conservation 263, 109175152021 PDF
Doi H, H Higuchi, H Kobori, S Lee, RB Primack. 2021. Declining phenology observations by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Nature Ecology & Evolution 5 (7), 886-88722021
Gallinat AS, ER Ellwood, JM Heberling, AJ Miller‐Rushing, WD Pearse, ...RB Primack. 2021. Macrophenology: insights into the broad‐scale patterns, drivers, and consequences of phenology. American Journal of Botany 108 (11), 2112-2126. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1793 PDF
Gotelli NG, DB Booher, MC Urban, W Ulrich, AV Suarez, DK Skelly, ...RB Primack. 2021. Estimating species relative abundances from museum records. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12021 PDF
Li D, Y Du, W Xu, D Peng, RB Primack, G Chen, LF Mao, K Ma. 2021. Phylogenetic conservatism of fruit development time in Chinese angiosperms and the phylogenetic and climatic correlates. Global Ecology and Conservation 27, e0154312021 PDF
Maas B, RJ Pakeman, L Godet, L Smith, V Devictor, RB Primack. 2021. Women and Global South strikingly underrepresented among top-publishing ecologists. Conservation Letters 14 (4), e12797 PDF
Meaux E, D Castillo-Díaz, N Pradhan, SK Dayananda, CM Balboa, RB Primack... 2021. Transparency about human diversity in transnational environmental NGOs. Biological Conservation 256, 1090272021 PDF
Miller TK, AS Gallinat, LC Smith, RB Primack. 2021. Comparing fruiting phenology across two historical datasets: Thoreau’s observations and herbarium specimens. Annals of Botany 128 (2), 159-17052021 PDF
Miller-Rushing AJ, N Athearn, T Blackford, C Brigham, L Cohen, R Cole-Will, T Edgar, ER Ellwood, N Fisichelli, C Flanagan Pritz, AS Gallinat, A Gibson, A Hubbard, S McLane, K Nydick, RB Primack, S Sachs, PE Super. 2021. COVID-19 pandemic impacts on conservation research, management, and public engagement in US national parks. Biological Conservation 257: 109038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109038 PDF
Nordt B, I Hensen, SF Bucher, M Freiberg, RB Primack, AD Stevens, ...2021. The PhenObs initiative: A standardised protocol for monitoring phenological responses to climate change using herbaceous plant species in botanical gardens. Functional Ecology 35 (4), 821-834 PDF
Phillips, O… Primack, R.B. et al. 2021. Taking the pulse of tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots. Biological Conservation 260, 108849. PDF
Primack RB, C Terry. 2021. New social trails made during the pandemic increase fragmentation of an urban protected area. Biological Conservation 255: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108993 PDF
Primack RB, ER Ellwood, AS Gallinat, AJ Miller‐Rushing. 2021. The growing and vital role of botanical gardens in climate change research. New Phytologist 231 (3), 917-932. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17410 PDF
Primack RB. 2021. Biodiversity science blossoms in China. National Science Review 8 (7), nwab0582021 PDF
Primack RB, AA Sher, B Maas, VM Adams. 2021. Manager characteristics drive conservation success. Biological Conservation 259, 1091692021 PDF
Primack RB, AE Bates, CM Duarte. 2021. The conservation and ecological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Biological Conservation. Elsevier BV22021 PDF
Rosbakh S, F Hartig, DV Sandanov, EV Bukharova, TK Miller, RB Primack. 2021.Siberian plants shift their phenology in response to climate change. Global Change Biology 27 (18), 4435-4448 PDF
Seidler R, RB Primack. 2021. Long-term research in tropical ecology and conservation: Challenges and advances. Biological Conservation 255, 108873 PDF
Seidler R, RB Primack, VR Goswami, S Khaling, MS Devy, RT Corlett, ... 2021. Confronting ethical challenges in long-term research programs in the tropics. Biological Conservation 255, 108933 PDF
Song Z, Y Du, RB Primack, AJ Miller‐Rushing, W Ye, Z Huang. 2021. Surprising roles of climate in regulating flowering phenology in a subtropical ecosystem. Ecography 44: 1379-1390. PDF
Terry C, M Rothendler, L Zipf, MC Dietze, RB Primack. 2021. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on noise pollution in three protected areas in metropolitan Boston (USA). Biological Conservation 256, 109039132021 PDF
Zipf L, Primack RB, Rothendler M. 2020. Citizen scientists and university students monitor noise pollution in cities and protected areas with smartphones. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0236785. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236785. PDF
Rutz C, Loretto M-C, Bates AE, DAvidson SC, Duarte CM, Jetz W, Johnson M, Kato A, Kays R, Mueller T, Primack RB, Ropert-Coudert Y, Tucker MA, Wikelski M, Cagnacci F. 2020. COVID-19 lockdown allows researchers to quantify the effects of human activity on wildlife. Nature Ecology & Evolution. PDF
Bates AE, Primack RB, Moraga P, Duarte CM. 2020. COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown as a “Global Human Confinement Experiment” to investigate biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation 248. PDF
Maas B, Grogan KE, Chirango Y, Harris N, Lievano-Latorre LF, McGuire KL, Moore AC, Ocampo-Ariza C, Palta MM, Perfecto I, Primack RB, Rowell K, Sales L, Santos-Silva R, Silva RA, Sterling EJ, Vieira RRS, Wyborn C, Toomey A. 2020. Academic leaders must support inclusive scientific communities during COVID-19. Nature Ecology & Evolution https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1233-3. PDF
Corlett RT, Primack RB, Devictor V, Maas B, Goswami VR, Bates AE, Koh LP, Regan TJ, Loyola R, Pakeman RJ, Cumming GS, Pidgeon A, Jogns D, Roth R. 2020. Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation 246 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108571. PDF
Sullivan MJP, Lewis SL, Affum-Baffoe K, Castilho C, Costa F, Sanchez AC, Ewango CEN, et al. 2020. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests. Science 368, 869-874. PDF
Gallinat AS, Primack RB, Lloyd-Evans TL. 2019. Can invasive species replace native species as a resource for birds under climate change? A case study on bird-fruit interactions. Biological Conservation. PDF
Heberling JM, McDonough MacKenzie C, Fridley JD, Kalisz S, Primack RB. 2019. Phenological mismatch with trees reduces wildflower carbon budgets. Ecology Letters doi: 10.1111/ele.13224.
McDonough MacKenzie C, Mittelhauser G, Primack RB, Miller-Rushing AJ. 2019. Trails as transects: phenology monitoring across heterogeneous microclimates in Acadia National Park, Maine. Ecosphere doi/10.1002/ecs2.2626.
Gallinat AS, Primack RB, et al. 2018. Patterns and predictors of fleshy fruit phenology at five international botanical gardens. American Journal of Botany 105: 1824-1834.
Zipf L, Primack RB. 2017. Humidity does not appear to trigger leaf out in woody plants. International Journal of Biometeorology, 61(12): 2213-2216. PDF
Stegman, L, Primack RB, Gallinat AS, Lloyd-Evans TL, Ellwood ER. 2017. Reduced sampling frequency can still detect changes in abundance and phenology of migratory landbirds. Biological Conservation, 210: 107-115. PDF
Willis CG, Ellwood ER, Primack RB, Davis CC, Pearson KD, Gallinat AS, Yost JM, Nelson G, Mazer SJ, Rossington NL, Sparks TH, Soltis PS. 2017. Old plants, new tricks: phenological research using herbarium specimens. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 32: 531-546. PDF
Primack RB, Gallinat AS. 2017. Insights into grass phenology from herbarium specimens. New Phytologist, 213: 1567-1568. PDF
Primack, RB and AS Gallinat. 2016. Spring budburst in a changing climate. American Scientist 104: 102-109. PDF
Zipf L, Williams E, Primack RB and Stichter S. 2017. Climate effects on late-season flight times of Massachusetts butterflies. International Journal of Biometeorology, 61(9): 1667–1673. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1347-8
Primack RB, Laube J, Gallinat A, Menzel A. 2015. From observations to experiments in phenology research: investigating climate change impacts on trees and shrubs using dormant twigs. Annals of Botany doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv032. PDF
Panchen, Z., R.B. Primack, A. Gallinat, B. Nordt, R. Fahey, A.D Stevens, and Y. Du. 2015. Substantial variation in leaf senescence times among 1360 temperate woody plant species: Implications for phenology and ecosystem processes. Annals of Botany. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv015. PDF
Ellwood, E. R., T. Lloyd-Evans, A. Gallinat, and R.B. Primack. 2015. Autumn migration of North American landbirds. Pp. 193–205 in E. M. Wood and J. L. Kellermann (editors), Phenological synchrony and bird migration: changing climate and seasonal resources in North America. Studies in Avian Biology (no. 47), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. PDF
Gallinat A, Primack, R.B., and Wagner DL. 2015. Autumn, the neglected season in climate change research. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.01.004. PDF
Everill, P. H., R.B. Primack, E.E. Ellwood, and E.K. Melaas. 2014. Determining past leaf-out times of New England’s deciduous forests from herbarium specimens. American Journal of Botany 101: 1-8. PDF
Panchen, Z.A., R.B. Primack, . B. Nordt, E.R. Ellwood, A.D. Stevens, S.S. Renner, C.G. Willis, R. Fahey, A. Whittemore, Yanjun Du, C.C. Davis. 2014. Leaf out times of temperate woody plants are related to phylogeny, deciduousness, growth habit, and wood anatomy. New Phytologist 203: 1208-1219. PDF
Ellwood, E.R., S.A. Temple, R.B. Primack, N.L. Bradley, and C.C. Davis. 2013. Recordbreaking early flowering in the eastern United States. PLoS One 8(1): e53788. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053788. PDF
Polgar, C., A. Gallinat, and R. B. Primack. 2013. Drivers of leaf-out phenology and their implications for species invasions: insights from Thoreau’s Concord. New Phytologist. doi: 10.1111/nph.12647. PDF
Polgar, C.A, R.B Primack, E. Williams, S. Stichter, and C. Hitchcock. 2013. The effect of temperature on the timing of the adult flight period of Lycenid butterflies in Massachusetts. Biological Conservation 160: 25-31. PDF
Campos-Arceiz, A., L.P. Koh, R.B. Primack. 2013. Are conservation biologists working too hard? Biological Conservation 166:186-190. PDF
Ellwood,, E. R. J. M. Diez, I. Ibáñez, R. B. Primack, H. Kobori, H. Higuchi, J. A. Silander. 2012. Disentangling the paradox of insect phenology: are temporal trends reflecting the response to warming? Oecologia 168:1161-1171. PDF
Miller-Rushing, A.J., R.B. Primack, and R. Bonney.. 2012. The history of public participation in ecological research. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10:285-290. PDF
Miller-Rushing, A.J., R.B. Primack, N. Phillips, and R. Kaufmann. 2012. Effects of warming temperatures on winning times in the Boston Marathon. PLoS ONE 7(9): e43579. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043579. PDF
Panchen, Z., R. B. Primack; T. Aniśko, R. E. Lyons. 2012. Herbarium specimens, photographs and field observations show Philadelphia area plants are responding to climate change. American Journal of Botany 99: 751-756. PDF
Primack, R.B. and A. J. Miller-Rushing. 2012. Uncovering, collecting and analyzing records to investigate the ecological impacts of climate change: A template from Thoreau's Concord. BioScience 62: 170-180. PDF
Polgar, C. and R.B. Primack. 2011. Leaf-out phenology of temperate woody plants: From trees to ecosystems. New Phytologist. 191: 926-941. Invited Tansley Review. PDF
Ellwood, E.R. , R. B. Primack, and M. Talmadge. 2010. Effects of climate change on spring bird arrival times in Thoreau’s Concord from 1851 to 2007. Condor 112: 754-762. PDF
Ibanez, I., R. B. Primack, A.J. Miller-Rushing, E. Ellwood, and 5 others. 2010. Forecasting phenology under global warming. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365: 3247-3260. PDF
Willis, C.G., B.R. Ruhfel, R. B. Primack, A.J. Miller-Rushing, J.B. Losos, and C.C. Davis. 2010. Favorable climate change response explains non-native species' success in Thoreau’s woods. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8878. PDF
Primack, R. B., H. Higuchi, A. J. Miller-Rushing. 2009. The impact of climate change on cherry trees and other species in Japan. Biological Conservation 142: 1943-1949. PDF
Willis, C. G., B. Ruhfel, R. B. Primack, A. J. Miller-Rushing, and C. C. Davis. 2008. Phylogenetic patterns of species loss in Thoreau's woods are driven by climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 105: 17029–17033. PDF
Miller-Rushing, A. J., T. L. Lloyd-Evans, R. B. Primack, and P. Satzinger. 2008. Bird migration times, climate change, and declining population sizes. Global Change Biology 14: 1–14. PDF
Miller-Rushing, A. J., D. Inouye, and R. B. Primack. 2008. How well do first flowering dates measure plant responses to climate change? The effects of population size and sampling frequency. Journal of Ecology 96: 1289–1296. PDF
Miller-Rushing, A. J. and R. B. Primack. 2008. Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau’s Concord: a community perspective. Ecology 89: 332–341. PDF